AC Circuit-LRC Day

This is the impedance equation for circuits that has all the bells and whistles. It has factors for resistors, inductors, and capacitors.

These are some of the equations that were used to calculate different aspects of the entire work.

The main equation is Z= Sqrt(R^2*(XL-XC)^2). Its a very simple equation that gets simpler when you take some of the aspects out

This is what we are suppose to fine with the experiential at we are about to do. We already have the frequency and the resistor. We have Z(theoretical)

This is the results we got after connecting everything together. It was a very simple processes

And we were able to find everything with less then a 25 percent error for both the cases. We did run into a little calculation snafu when we disagree how we should proceed with things.

AC circuit-RC Day

This is the part of the hand out we will be going over today.

This is a beautiful graph of what the Voltage vs Time and Current vs Time. Also the third graph is Voltage vs Current. Again this looks beautiful.

This is the setup for the lab we did this day. We are only using the capacitor and the resistor so its a RC circuit. 

Here is the equation we use to calculate the Irms of the graph. We also used the values from the graph to verify what we got.

EMF

This day was a subset of what we did in the previous day which was magnetic fields. We used ActivPhysics to answer 13 questions. That answers are on the board, but it doesn't really explain anything unless you have the questions with it. In the end we verified some aspects of an induced EMF

This was the sliding pipe prediction that we had had before Mason little exert to the class; which is below.

This is a good Voltage vs Time with Current vs Time graph. As one could see voltage is constant while current

Over time the time constant flattens out. Depending on curtain factors it may flatten out faster or slower but it will go to the same constants  

Vpython Lab

This is what the original code would have looked like if we did not change the code that was given to use my Prof. Mason. It was very simple in practice. The code that made this image is below.

This code is what we made with some help from Mason during class. We changed the direction and the size of each arrow to best represent what we had.

from visual import *

## CONSTANTS

k = 9e9   ## OneOverFourPiEpsilonZero

q1 = 1.6e-19

## OBJECTS

particle = sphere(pos=vector(1e-10, 0, 0), radius = 2e-11, color=color.red)

xaxis = cylinder(pos=(-5e-10,0,0), axis=vector(10e-10,0,0),radius=.2e-11)

yaxis = cylinder(pos=(0,-5e-10,0), axis=vector(0,10e-10,0),radius=.2e-11)

zaxis = cylinder(pos=(0,0,-5e-10), axis=vector(0,0,10e-10),radius=.2e-11)

## the position of the arrow is the observation location:

Earrow1 = arrow(pos=vector(3.1e-10,-2.1e-10,0), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

Earrow2 = arrow(pos=vector(3.1e-10,2.1e-10,0), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

Earrow3 = arrow(pos=vector(-1.1e-10,-2.1e-10,0), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

Earrow4 = arrow(pos=vector(-1.1e-10,2.1e-10,0), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

Earrow5 = arrow(pos=vector(1e-10,0,3e-10), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

Earrow6 = arrow(pos=vector(1e-10,0,-3e-10), axis = vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange)

## CALCULATIONS

R1=Earrow1.pos-particle.pos

R2=Earrow2.pos-particle.pos

R3=Earrow3.pos-particle.pos

R4=Earrow4.pos-particle.pos

R5=Earrow5.pos-particle.pos

R6=Earrow6.pos-particle.pos

Ef1=((k*q1)/(mag(R1)**3))

Ef2=((k*q1)/(mag(R2)**3))

Ef3=((k*q1)/(mag(R3)**3))

Ef4=((k*q1)/(mag(R4)**3))

Ef5=((k*q1)/(mag(R5)**3))

Ef6=((k*q1)/(mag(R6)**3))

## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct

## electric field E1 at the observation location (the position of Earrow1):

## change the axis of Earrow1 to point in the direction of the electric field at that location

## and scale it so it looks reasonable

scalefactor= 1e-20

Earrow1.axis= Ef1*R1*scalefactor

Earrow2.axis= Ef2*R2*scalefactor

Earrow3.axis= Ef3*R3*scalefactor

Earrow4.axis= Ef4*R4*scalefactor

Earrow5.axis= Ef5*R5*scalefactor

Earrow6.axis= Ef6*R6*scalefactor

print "Ef1: ", Ef1

print "Ef2: ", Ef2

print "Ef3: ", Ef3

print "Ef4: ", Ef4

print "Ef5: ", Ef5

print "Ef6: ", Ef6

## additional observation locations; do the same thing for each one

The output is such.

Our next time we use Vpython we had a cool picture both in 2D and 3D but we dont have the picture of it right now. However, i do have a prediction of what the forces around the two charges might look like in a 2D space.

 Here is the code for it. We were just representing the motion that a small positive charge would move if it was near a charge. The image is really cool. Just found the picture. It is at the bottom

from __future__ import division from visual import * ## constants k = 9e9 # stands for One Over Four Pi Epsilon-Zero qe = 1.6e-19 # proton charge s = 4e-11 # charge separation R = 3e-10 # display Enet on a circle of radius R V = 2e-10 scalefactor = 1e-20 # for scaling arrows to represent electric field ## objects ## Represent the two charges of the dipole by red and blue spheres: plus = sphere(pos=vector(s/2,0,0), radius=1e-11, color=color.red) qplus = qe # charge of positive particle neg = sphere(pos=vector(-s/2,0,0), radius=1e-11, color=color.blue) qneg = -qplus # charge of negative particle ## calculations theta = 0 while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=R*vector(cos(theta),sin(theta),0), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/12 theta = 0 while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=R*vector(cos(theta),0,sin(theta)), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/12 theta = 0 while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=R*vector(0,cos(theta),sin(theta)), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.orange) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/12 theta = 0 scalefactor= 1*(10**(-20.5)) while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=V*vector(cos(theta),sin(theta),0), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.red) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/12 theta = 0 while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=V*vector(cos(theta),0,sin(theta)), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.red) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/12 theta = 0 while theta < 2*pi: rate(50) # tell computer to go through loop slowly ## Calculate observation location (tail of arrow) using current value of theta: Earrow1 = arrow(pos=V*vector(0,cos(theta),sin(theta)), axis=vector(1e-10,0,0), color=color.red) R1= Earrow1.pos-plus.pos R2= Earrow1.pos-neg.pos Ef1=((k*qplus)/(mag(R1)**3)) Ef2=((k*qneg)/(mag(R2)**3)) Earrow1.axis= ((Ef1*R1)+(Ef2*R2))*scalefactor print "Ef1: ", Ef1 ## write instructions below to tell the computer how to calculate the correct ## net electric field Enet at the observation location (the position of Earrow): ## change the axis of Earrow to point in the direction of the electric field at that location ## and scale it so it looks reasonable ## Assign a new value to theta theta = theta + pi/
`````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````````

Magnetic Fields II (Update)

This picture shows how to make an ordinary pin into a magnetic pin. Then we thought of ways of how to destroy a magnetized pin. 

REMEMBER... V "cross" B gives you the force of the field. If you do it the other way around you will get the opposite side of field.

F=IBL and Torque=Fd

This is what was needed for the previous picture

This was a lab exercise where we connected a power supply and made it spin, spin, spin. 

This was the components that we were to make what the previous picture. This was very hard to build and we never finished building it. 

Magnetic Fields (Update)

What happens when to a metal when it is moved around magnetic. The arrows indicate where the compose is directed.

We learn here that if we cut a magnetic in half we do not get one that has only a northern pole and the other have only a southern pole. They in fact became two identical magnets with both northern and southern poles.

This was a demonstration  about what would happen when we connect what we did to each other and put a magnet near it.

Here we looked at the force diagram of what is happening with the magnetic field, velocity,  and negative charges.

This is a continuation of the previous section. We see the final equations. The Force is a simple F=qBVsin(theta).

Here we combined work and force to make a new equation. We did this for an example of what is to become in the future.

Real Circuits(Update)

WE DID NOT DO THIS EXPERIMENT THIS YEAR.

YEAH!!! This the is the first circuit that we build in 4B. Though it was really easy and I could have done this in my sleep but it was fun. There will be more to come with this bread board.

Here we have the same configuration but this time we have a push button that connects the circuits together. I had my other group mates do this because I already know how to do this simple one.

This is a clear cut picture of what bread board looks after the push button was added.

Here is the a amplifier that we tried to make with the bread board. I would have had more pictures but i was connecting the wires and making sure that the connection was clean and connected.

This was just to nice not to take a picture of these wires. This is what all cable boxes should look like but we can only dream.